Chad - national flag
Chad - National Flag, The Flag was officially adopted in 1959. As a former
French colony, the country chose a flag that combines the colors of the French
tricolor with the Pan-African. The blue color is interpreted as a symbol of the
sky as well as of hope and agriculture in the southern part of the country. The
yellow stands for desert in the north and for the sun. The red for progress and
unity and for the sacrifice of the citizens.
- Countryaah:
What does the flag of Chad look like? Follow this link, then you will see
the image in PNG format and flag meaning description about this country.
Chad history
Chad History, The area's central location in relation to the Sahara trade
routes formed, among other things. foundation of the kingdom of Kanem-Bornu,
which from 800-t. occurred near Lake Chad. In the 1000-h. the ruling dynasty
went over to Islam. Under the leadership of Idris Aloma (dead in the early
1600's), the kingdom expanded greatly. Kanem-Bornu and the other Muslim kingdoms
in the Chad region, especially the Kingdom of Bagirmi (see Bagirmi) and the
Sultanate of Wadai, were mainly based on slave trade; The slaves were captured
in the south and driven north to markets along the Mediterranean and Arabia.
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AbbreviationFinder: Check three-letter abbreviation for each country in
the world, such as TCD which represents the official name of Chad.
All the kingdoms were conquered by Rabih al-Zubayr of Sudan 1883-93. He
tried unsuccessfully to slow down the French expansion from the south, which was
initiated during the same period; in 1900 he was killed, after which France
secured his dominion. While the southern peoples who suffered during the slave
trade saw the French as liberators, the resistance was fierce in the north, and
the armed resistance against the French continued after Chad became part
of French Equatorial Africa in 1910. The French colonial government's efforts
in political, economic and educational development were particularly limited in
the north.

Presidents |
1960-75 |
Ngarta Tombalbaye |
1975-79 |
Félix Malloum |
1979-82 |
Goukouni Oueddag |
1982-90 |
Hissène Habré |
1990 |
Idriss Déby |
In 1946, Chad became a French overseas territory, and the same year the
Nationalist Party Parti progressiste Chadien, PPT, was formed. The party became
the country's strongest, and by the independence of 1960, PPT leader Tombalbaye
became the country's first president. He made Chad a one-party state in 1962. In
1966 the rebel movement formed FROLINAT, which became the main opponent of the
regime. The Tombalbaye regime soon came under severe pressure and was militarily
supported by France from 1968-72. Libya supported FROLINAT and in 1973 seized
the opportunity to invade the disputed border area of Aouzou.
In 1975, the military conducted a coup under which the unpopular Tombalbaye
was killed. However, the new regime, led by Félix Malloum, only sharpened the
contradictions in Chad; at the same time, FROLINAT was divided, and one of the
faction leaders, Hissène Habré, was deployed as prime minister after French
pressure in 1978. An immediate power struggle ensued between Habré and Malloum,
which enabled Libyan-backed FROLINAT leader Goukouni Oueddei (b. 1947) to seize
the capital and secure power. Habré became Minister of Defense, but the conflict
continued, and many of Ndjamena's residents fled the country. Habré had to
flee to Sudan in 1980, but returned and exiled Goukouni in exile in Libya in
1982. The conflict eventually developed into a war between Chad and Libya, in
which Habré was supported by the United States and France. Habré's brutal rule
lasted until 1990, when Idriss Déby succeeded, former leader of Chad's army, to
topple Habré. Internal ethnic strife, strikes and Habré's destabilization
efforts from the Senegal exile contributed to continued unrest in Chad, but
Déby's pledges to introduce democracy were met with the 1996 presidential
election, which he himself won. The 1990's were more peaceful than the previous
decades, and peace agreements came into being with many of the rebel movements
and with Libya. In 1998, however, there were border disputes with Nigeria, and
the same year, former Defense Minister Youssouf Togoimi launched a riot in
northern Chad.
According to a2zgov, Chad's opportunities for economic development have been severely constrained
by the many armed conflicts, and the country, one of the poorest in the world,
has only been able to survive for periods through foreign aid alone.
Déby was re-elected in 2001, and through a 2005 referendum he removed the
constitution's restrictions on the number of presidential terms. In 2006, he was
re-elected. The election result was not recognized by the opposition. The civil
war in Sudan's Darfur province threatens to spread to Chad, which has
contributed to a tense relationship between the two countries. Thus, Chad
accused Sudan of supporting Chadian rebel groups' attacks from Sudan into
eastern Chad. In November 2006, the state of emergency was introduced in the
areas adjacent to Darfur. A newly formed alliance of rebel groups attacked the
capital, Ndjamena in February 2008. After fierce fighting, however, the rebels
had to retreat, and President Déby regained control of the city.
The relationship between Chad and Sudan has been sought to improve, and in
2010 the presidents of the two countries met to normalize the relationship. In
2011, Déby won the presidential post for the fourth time, but the election was
boycotted by the opposition. In 2013, the security forces succeeded in averting
a coup attempt against Déby.
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