Democratic Republic of Congo - National Flag
Democratic Republic of the Congo - National Flag, The flag, officially
reinstated in 1997, was originally hoisted at independence in 1960. The flag of
the flag is King Leopold of Belgium's flag for the "Association Internationale
du Congo" flag in 1877. It was blue with a yellow star in the middle. The six
stars in the vertical line added to independence stand for the unity of the
country. All seven stars are said to symbolize hope, the yellow color of
prosperity.
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Democratic Republic of Congo History
Democratic Republic of Congo history, Up to a million-year-old traces of
people have been found in several places in the country, including at Lake
Albert. The area was inhabited by pygmies as Bantu people from around the birth
of Christ immigrated from the north. From 1400-t. several great bantu-language
realms emerged; in 1482 the Portuguese Diogo Cão was the first European to reach
the mouth of the Congo River and found the Kingdom here, and later explorers
found several kingdoms in the interior of the country. The Lund kingdom and
the Lubar kingdom.
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the world, such as DRC which represents the official name of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The European voyages of discovery became the beginning of an extensive
exploitation of the area, not least by Portuguese and Dutch slave traders. The
Delta of the Congo River became a center for slave exports. Henry Morton
Stanley explored the area of Belgium's King Leopold II, and in 1885, under the
name of the Congo Free State, it was recognized as the king's personal
estate. Among other things. the rubber production, which was now greatly
expanded, came about through the use of forced laborers and with dire
consequences for Congo's people. Leopold was internationally condemned and in
1908 had to hand over the area to the Belgian state. Under the name of Belgian
Congoit became a colony and copper mining in Katanga now became Belgium's main
economic interest in the Congo. The most serious assaults ceased, but the regime
remained essentially unchanged until the 1950's. The educational system was left
to Catholic missionaries, and the Congolese had no influence on the colony
administration. Yet, eventually, an educated native elite emerged, and from this
came the cultural and nationalist leaders, who in the 1950's formed the first
political parties and supported the demand for independence.
In 1958, Patrice Lumumba formed the Mouvement national congolais (MNC),
which received wide support in four of the colony's six provinces. Other
independence movements were either ethnically or regionally based. An uprising
in Leopoldville (now Kinshasa) in 1959 accelerated independence, and
on June 30, 1960, the Republic of Congo was proclaimed with Joseph Kasavubu as
president and Lumumba as prime minister. Politically, however, the country was
divided; a few days after independence, the army revolted and the Belgians fled
the country. The situation became more chaotic as the copper-rich province
of Katanga (Shaba), under the leadership of Moïse Tshombe and with the support
of Belgian mining companies, at the same time became detachedThe Congo
crisis was a reality. Belgium's military interference prompted Lumumba to call
on the UN for help, and 10,000 UN troops were dispatched to the country.

According to
a2zgov, UN uncertainty and the split between Kasavubu and Lumumba, which also sought
Soviet support, prompted the army in September to conduct a coup under the
leadership of Chief of Defense Mobuto. Kasavubu was reinstated while Lumumba
fled. The military later captured him and the following year he was assassinated
in Katanga. However, the crisis continued; it was not until 1963 that the UN
troops had defeated Katanga's forces. The following year, the UN left the
country and Tshombe became prime minister, but it was not until 1965 that the
government gained control of the entire country.
Divorce between Tshombe and President Kasavubu gave Mobuto the opportunity to
carry out yet another military coup with US and Belgian support, but this time
he retained power and initiated a long-standing dictatorship. He launched a
comprehensive Africanization campaign, replacing European names with African
ones; Among other things, Congo was renamed Zaire in 1971. A nationalization
campaign that year had catastrophic consequences for the country's economy,
which along with military defeat to the MPLA regimein Angola and rebel forces in
Katanga weakened the dictatorship. Mobuto therefore became heavily dependent on
the support he received from especially France, Belgium and the USA despite the
severe human rights abuses of the regime. Corruption and bad administration
deepened the economic crisis; but at the same time as the impoverishment of the
population, Mobuto built up a huge personal wealth with public funds.
Following pressure, Mobuto began a democratization process in
1990. Opposition parties were allowed, but the pursuit of political opponents
continued and the promised elections were never held. Mobuto became increasingly
unpopular, and especially in the eastern part of the country, the unrest
grew. The clashes here were in particular between government- supported Hutu
groups and Tutsis, supported by Uganda and Rwanda, first and foremost. In 1996,
a number of East Zaire's rebel groups united in the AFDL movement with the Tutsi
group banyamulenge as the most powerful. With the support of Rwanda and Uganda,
the AFDL quickly gained control of the eastern part of the country, and after
astonishing rapid progress, the rebel forces were able to conquer Kinshasa in
May 1997. The debilitated Mobuto went into exile and the AFDL leaderLaurent
Kabila, who for years led a minor rebel movement in the Katanga area, was
inaugurated as new president.
Kabila renamed Zaire to the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, the change
of power did not bring the Republic closer to peace, and the human rights
situation did not improve. When, in August 1998, Kabila decided to throw the
Rwandan troops who had helped him to power out of the country, new conflicts
erupted on the one hand with eastern rebel movements strongly supported by
Rwandan and Ugandan troops and on the other the Congolese army supported by
Angola, Zimbabwe and Namibia. After increasingly intense disputes, often
involving control of the Democratic Republic of Congo's rich natural resources,
all parties involved signed international pressure on the Lusaka Agreement in
July 1999. Despite mediation efforts by the United Nations and South Africa in
particular, the agreement's provisions on the withdrawal of foreign troops were
never signed. carried out. The international and complicated nature of the
conflict has led to the designation "Africa's First World War". When Kabila was
killed in an attack in January 2001, the power passed to his sonJoseph
Kabila. With the Security Council's intervention, a new agreement was
concluded, aimed in particular at securing the withdrawal of foreign troops, but
despite some progress, the unrest continued. It is estimated that the civil war
has cost about 6 million. people life.
In 2012, a rebel movement called itself the M23 and supported by Rwanda, the
city of Goma; the goal is to remove Kabila from the post. Later that year,
however, they surrendered the city to UN forces and withdrew from the city.
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