Ghana - national flag
Ghana - National Flag, The flag was first officially launched in 1957 and
contains the Pan-African colors, red, yellow and green. The black star
symbolizes Africa's freedom. The model of the flag is the flag of Ethiopia and
the colors are the colors of the leading Ghanaian political party.
- Countryaah:
What does the flag of Ghana look like? Follow this link, then you will see
the image in PNG format and flag meaning description about this country.
Ghana - History
According to a2zgov, the area's history can be traced back to the 1300's, when
groups of mossi migrated to the savannah area of present-day northern
Ghana, which created the kingdoms of Mamprusi, Dagomba and Namumba. Almost
simultaneously, the Bono Kingdom was formed immediately north of the forest
region in western Ghana. At construction approximately In 1450 of the trading town of
Bighu, Bono was joined by the West African trade routes, which mined the gold
produced along the Black Volta and in the forest region to the south. In the
mid-1500-t. the Gonestat State was established at the southern part of the Black
Volta by groups immigrating from the west. In the mid-1600's, they extended their
influence to the east.
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AbbreviationFinder: Check three-letter abbreviation for each country in
the world, such as GHA which represents the official name of Ghana.
In southern Ghana, the easternmost part was in the late 1400's. inhabited by ga-adangme who
had immigrated from the east, while the merger of immigrants from north and
community groups formed a number of smaller Akan states; in the forest
region to the west. Their gold production caused the Portuguese, upon their
arrival in 1471, to call the area Gold Coast. The Portuguese established several
forts, among others. São Jorge da Mina, and they managed to maintain a monopoly
on gold exports until the early 1600's when they were expelled by the Dutch.

Presidents |
1960-66 |
Kwame Nkrumah |
1966-69 |
Joseph Arthur Ankrah |
1969-70 |
Akwasi Amankwa Afrifa |
1970-72 |
Edward Akufo-Addo |
1972-78 |
Ignatius Kutu Acheampong |
1978-79 |
Frederick WK Akuffo |
1979 |
Jerry Rawlings |
1979-81 |
Hilla Limann |
1982-2001 |
Jerry Rawlings |
2001-2009 |
John Kufuor |
2009-2012 |
John Atta Mills |
2012- |
John Dramani Mahama |
Until the early 1700-t. gold was the main export product, which Europeans
annually decreased between 1/3 and 1 t; then exports of
slaves became the most important, and until the British slave trade ban in 1807,
some European ships were carried out. 650,000 slaves from the Gold Coast.
In 1807, the Ashanti kingdom gained control of the coast by defeating Fanti,
but after a defeat to an alliance of the coastal states, the British and the
Danes, in 1830 Ashanti had to give up the supremacy over the coastal region
(regarding the Danish colonial period, see the Gold Coast). The British then
established an informal patronage and in 1850 and 1872 bought the Danish and
Dutch forts. In 1874, the British established the Gold Coast Colony following a
peace treaty with the Ashanti kingdom. In 1902 Ashanti and the Northern
Territories were annexed, and in 1919 the colony was given responsibility for
the administration of the western part of the former German Togolandas a mandate
area under the League of Nations. The British colony administration built a
so-called indirect rule based on chiefs. In response, the 1920 educated elite
formed the National Congress of British West Africa, demanding
modernization of society and political influence.
Up until the crisis in the 1930's, there was a recovery in the economy of the
colony mainly due to a sharp rise in cocoa exports. During World War II and in
the years immediately thereafter, the economy was geared towards supporting the
British war effort and post-war reconstruction, while the colonial
administration sought to implement a slow and controlled decolonization. But
from 1949, it was faced with demands for "self-government now" from the newly
formed Convention People's Party (CCP), led by Kwame Nkrumah. After an
election victory in 1951, Nkrumah was appointed leader of a government that had
left parliament. Despite some opposition, the CPP triumphed in a number of
subsequent elections, and after a positive referendum in the area of mandate,
the colony on 6.3.1957 became independent under the name Ghana. Nkrumah, who
became increasingly the exponent of continued decolonization in Africa, African
socialism and the building of a neutralist bloc, in 1960 transformed the country
into a republic with himself as president, and in 1964 it became a socialist
unity party state. The downturn in the economy, corruption, exception
legislation and growing isolation vis-à-vis the Western powers led in February
1966 to a coup in which the army and police ousted Nkrumah and opened a court
settlement. A National Liberation Council was established, whose
central force was General AA Afrifa, who in 1969 was responsible for the
establishment of the Second Republic, led by Prime Minister KA Busia.
Due. dissatisfaction with the civilian politicians in January 1972, the armed
forces again took power and created a National Redemption Council headed
by General IK Acheampong, who sought to govern the country through newly
created district councils. After several coup attempts, Acheampong proposed
establishing a threefold power between the armed forces, the police and
civilians, but without political parties. However, strong opposition from the
civilian elite resulted in General F. Akuffo (1937-79) taking power in July
1978, after which political parties were allowed to take part in the planned
elections. During the June 1979 election campaign, a group of younger officers
seized power and formed the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council with
Lieutenant J. Rawlingsas leader. As part of the fight against corruption, a
number of senior officers were executed, including Afrifa, Acheampong and
Akuffo, but the election was held and the leader of the largest party, H.
Limann, was then elected President of the Third Republic and inaugurated in
September 1979.
Internal strife in the government, strikes and unrest due to rising food
prices and economic policy led J. Rawlings to take power again on 31 December
1981 and formed the Provisional National Defense Council. He repealed
the constitution, parliament and political parties and replaced the district
councils with the People's Defense Committees (later Committees for
the Defense of the Revolution) as the popular basis for the
revolution. Dissatisfaction with the work of these committees and with an
economic recovery program agreed with the World Bank and the IMFfrom 1983
sparked strong protests from workers and students. This led to a tightening of
internal security policy, and in 1988-89 Rawlings attempted to obtain a popular
mandate through elections to district assemblies. Foreign donor pressure in 1990
forced the government to organize regional debates on the democratization of the
country, while the opposition in dissatisfaction with both the procedures and
the constitutional proposals created the Movement for Freedom and Justicethat
required a multi-party system reintroduced. However, the government's proposed
constitution gained a majority of 92% of the votes cast (44%) in a referendum in
April 1992, and in the summer of 1992, a limited number of political parties
were allowed to take part in the upcoming presidential and parliamentary
elections. At the November 1992 presidential election, Rawlings defeated
opposition candidates by gaining over 50% of the votes cast. Although
Commonwealth observers approved the election, the opposition claimed that there
had been irregularities and as a result they boycotted the December
parliamentary elections.
The inauguration of Rawlings as President of the Fourth Republic on 7.1.1993
was followed by economic strikes that were fiercely attacked by the opposition,
but in May of that year, foreign donors endorsed both democratization and
economic policy by making binding commitments for financial support for Ghana.
Ghana was affected by ethnic unrest in the northern part of the country from
1994-95. approximately 1,000 were killed and about 150,000 made homeless. At the December
1996 presidential election, Jerry Rawlings won a convincing victory. At the 2000
presidential election, when Rawlings couldn't stand, John Kufuor of the New
Patriotic Party, NPP, won; the party also won most seats in parliament. Kufuor
was in office in January 2001.
Kufuor was re-elected in 2004; under his leadership, the country has seen
some economic progress, not least due to favorable world market prices of
cocoa. Due. Home turmoil fled thousands of Togolese in Ghana in 2005.
At the 2008 presidential election, Kufuor was replaced by John Atta Mills
(1944-2012), who came from the National Democratic Congress, NDC. Upon Mills's
sudden death in 2012, his vice president, John Dramani Mahama (b. 1958), assumed
the post of president. Mahama won the presidential election later that year. The
economic and political stability of Ghana in 2000-t. made the country a regional
superpower.
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