Nicaragua - national flag
After several adjustments in terms of colors and proportions, the flag was
officially hoisted in 1971. It dates back to the flag of the Central American
United States from 1823. This flag was taken over almost unchanged when the
country broke away from the federation in 1838. The blue color stands for
justice and fidelity, the white for purity and honesty. The state and war flag
has the state coat of arms in the middle.
- Countryaah:
What does the flag of Nicaragua look like? Follow this link, then you will
see the image in PNG format and flag meaning description about this country.
Nicaragua - History
Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the area was populated by Nicaraos
Indians, who were fishermen and hunters. Columbus reached the east coast in
1502, but the conquest did not begin until Gil González Dávila in 1522 and
Francisco Fernández de Córdoba (approximately 1475-1526) in 1524, who founded the cities
of Granada, León and Segovia. The country came under the Spanish colonial
administration in Guatemala.
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AbbreviationFinder: Check three-letter abbreviation for each country in the world,
such as NIC which represents the official name of Nicaragua.
Presidents since 1893 |
1893-1909 |
José Santos Zelaya |
1909-10 |
José Madriz |
1910-11 |
José Dolores Estrada |
1911 |
Juan José Estrada |
1911-16 |
Adolfo Díaz |
1917-21 |
Emiliano Chamorro |
1921-23 |
Diego Manuel Chamorro |
1923-25 |
Bartolomeo Martínez |
1925-26 |
Carlos Solórzano |
1926 |
Emiliano Chamorro |
1926-28 |
Adolfo Díaz |
1929-33 |
José María Moncada |
1933-36 |
Juan Bautista Sacasa |
1936-37 |
Carlos Brenes |
1937-47 |
Anastasio Somoza García |
1947 |
Leonardo Argüello |
1947 |
Benjamin Lacaya |
1947-50 |
Victor Román |
1950-56 |
Anastasio Somoza García |
1957-63 |
Luis Somoza Debayle |
1963-66 |
René Schick |
1966-67 |
Lorenzo Guerrero |
1967-72 |
Anastasio Somoza Debayle |
1972-74 |
junta under Somoza's control |
1974-79 |
Anastasio Somoza Debayle |
1979-85 |
junta under Sandinista control |
1985-90 |
Daniel Ortega |
1990-97 |
Violeta Barrios de Chamorro |
1997-2002 |
Arnoldo Alemán |
2002-07 |
Enrique Bolaños |
2007- |
Daniel Ortega |
According to a2zgov, the Indians did until the 1700's. strong resistance to the Spaniards and was
almost exterminated by war, disease, and forced labor. In 1667, the English
Crown acquired the Mosquito Coast.
During colonial times, the country had no particular economic significance
for Spain, but it provided a base for the preparation of expeditions to other
regions. The struggle for independence began in León in 1811. The colony seceded
from Spain in 1821 and joined in 1822 the Mexican Empire under Agustín de
Iturbide. After the fall of Iturbides in 1823, Nicaragua became part of the
United Provinces of Central America. In 1838, the country seceded from the
federation and became independent.

The building of the nation-state was marked by protracted civil wars between
the liberal and the conservative oligarchies, whose bastions were
respectively. Leon and Granada. The conflict expressed differences in regional
and economic interests, and the lack of consensus made Nicaragua extremely
vulnerable to the United States, as of the mid-1800's. implemented a veritable
intervention policy. In 1855, the United States supported the American
adventurer William Walker's conquest of Nicaragua. He proclaimed himself
president, but in 1857 had to return to the United States.
In 1893, President José Santos Zelaya launched a process of reform, including
the modernization of agriculture. As part of this policy, the Native American
common lands were expropriated, whereas the large coffee plantations were
expanded. Zelaya got the Mosquito Coast back from England in 1898. A
conservative revolt with military support from the United States forced Zelaya
to resign in 1909, and it was the beginning of a long series of US interventions
that effectively made Nicaragua a US protectorate.
The rebel leader, General Estrada, seized government power and brought the
country into total dependence on American companies that controlled the
agricultural sector, mining and banks. In 1925, the country was occupied by U.S.
Marines under the pretext of internal unrest. The Civil War between the Liberals
and the Conservatives flared up again in 1926, and the Americans occupied the
country again. The occupying forces met strong resistance from the guerrilla
army under the leadership of the liberal, nationalist Augusto César Sandino,
who in 1933 forced the Americans away.
Anastasio Somoza García, head of the US-created military police, established
himself as head of state in 1937 and established a family dictatorship that,
backed by the United States, ruled Nicaragua until 1979. The Somo dictatorship
suppressed the opposition and civil society while leaving the country's natural
resources to American interests and to the Somoza family. During the Somoza
period, Nicaragua played an important role in the United States' strategy
against nationalist, popular movements in the region.
A popular uprising with the support of broad circles within the bourgeoisie
and parts of the Catholic Church and under the leadership of the guerrilla
movement In 1979, the Sandinista Liberation Front removed Anastasio Somoza
Debayle from power. The Sandinistas subsequently gained power in the junta of
the victors and embarked on a policy of reform for the benefit of the
poor. Despite relatively moderate social and economic change, the government,
led by Daniel Ortega, from the beginning developed a growing opposition to it,
consisting of business organizations, the middle class, sections of the Catholic
Church, and the people of the eastern part of the country. The US government
under Ronald Reagan supported the anti- government guerrilla, the Contras, under
the pretext that the Sandinistas supported the guerrillas in El Salvador. The
Civil War exhausted the leadership and weakened the results of the reforms. In
the 1990 presidential election, Ortega lost power to Violeta de Chamorrofrom the
bourgeois coalition UNO, which gained a majority in the National
Assembly. Chamorro implemented a market-oriented economic policy and a series of
reforms to remove the Sandinistas from positions of power in the military,
police, and other institutions. Her successor in 1997, Arnoldo Alemán, practiced
an even more drastic neoliberal policy with privatizations that should
attract foreign investment. Although the Sandinistas weakened due to divisions,
they remained the largest opposition party rooted in the most disadvantaged
social groups hard hit by the neoliberal economic model.
Economic crisis and social distress led in the 1990's to a sharp increase in
child labor and a significant decline in schooling. According to UNESCO(1997)
23% of school-age children did not go to school. Politically, the two major
political blocs, the ruling Liberal Party and the Sandinista front FSLN, entered
into a controversial pact in 1999. meant poorer conditions for small parties and
immunity for President Arnoldo Alemán (b. 1946) after his reign. Despite many
allegations of corruption against Alemán, his vice president, Enrique Bolaños
(b. 1928), was elected president in 2001. The opposition candidate, longtime
Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega, lost in the run-up. From 2000, the FSLN had
power in 11 out of 16 provincial capitals and in the capital Managua. Bolaños
broke after being elected president of the Liberal Party and formed his own
party, the Alliance for the Republic, APRE. He filed charges of corruption
against his predecessor, who was sentenced to twenty years in prison. Thus, the
Bolaños had isolated themselves in domestic politics, but were supported by US
economic support aimed at avoiding the return of the Sandinistas along with the
Liberals. In 2005, the G8 countries decided to forgive Nicaragua's debt. In
November 2006, Daniel Ortega as the FSLN's candidate won the presidential
election. He promised to work for the improvement of the poor part of the
population, but without radical economic change. Both Nicaragua and the United
States subsequently expressed gratitude for continued cooperation. He promised
to work for the improvement of the poor part of the population, but without
radical economic change. Both Nicaragua and the United States subsequently
expressed gratitude for continued cooperation. He promised to work for the
improvement of the poor part of the population, but without radical economic
change. Both Nicaragua and the United States subsequently expressed gratitude
for continued cooperation.
Nicaragua's Constitutional Court in 2009 allowed Ortega to try to win another
term; he won the election in 2011 with a landslide victory.
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