 Tunisia - national flag
The flag was taken into use approximately 1835, but was then primarily a military
flag. Tunisia belonged until the end of the 1800's. during the Ottoman Empire,
and the flag is therefore very reminiscent of the Turkish. The crescent moon has
been the symbol of Islam since the 1400's. The star has come to later. When the
country was under French administration, the French flag sat in the upper left
corner.
- Countryaah:
What does the flag of Tunisia look like? Follow this link, then you will see
the image in PNG format and flag meaning description about this country.
Tunisia - mass media
In Tunisia a dozen dailies are published. The media is controlled by the
government; the party RCD publishes the daily newspaper Al-Horria (Freedom) in
Arabic and Le Renouveau in French. Other major dailies are the government agency
La Presse de Tunisie and the privately owned Assabah (Morning). Since 1972, it
has been possible to receive television all over the country. The state radio
and television, ERTT, operates two television channels and several radio
stations. Radio was founded in 1938, television in 1957. In the early
2000-t. began broadcasting private radio and television stations, including
Hannibal TV. Radio and television are the population's main sources of
information, every other Tunisian home has access to satellite TV via satellite
dish, and the internet is widespread according to regional conditions.
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AbbreviationFinder: Check three-letter abbreviation for each country in
the world, such as TUN which represents the official name of Tunisia.
Tunisia - literature
After Tunisia's independence in 1956, an Arabic-language literature has
emerged alongside the dominant French-language one. For example, Aroussia
Nalouti (b. 1950) in the novel Tamâss (1995) has given a critical
picture of the male-dominated society, seen through the journalist Zaynab's
struggle for independence.
Tunisia - film
After independence, the SATPEC semi-state company was established in 1960,
which gained a monopoly on the import and distribution of films. The first
Tunisian feature film, Omar Khlifis (b. 1934) Al fajr (1966, The Dawn),
tells the story of national liberation in Arabic. That same year, the major
Arab-African film festival Journées cinématographiques de Carthage, JCC, was
founded.
According to a2zgov, the modest Tunisian film production of 4-5 films a year consists mainly of
personal art films. In the 1990's, Tunisian film gained more
international prominence, first with Férid Boughedir's Halfaouine -
L'enfant des terrasses (1990, Halfaouine - behind the veil) and
then with Les Silences du palais/Samt el qusur (1994, Palace of
the Fortresses) by the female director Moufida Tlatli (b. 1946).
Tunisia - wine
Tunisia produces approximately 50 mio. bottles of wine a year. 80% are soft and
strong red wines with only a little acid, so they should be drunk young just
like the rosé wines and the sweet muscat wine. About 30,000 ha are planted with
grapes, but only half are used for wine, especially typical southern French
grapes. The wines follow a French-inspired wine law with AOC, and 80% are made
by state farms or cooperatives. 1/3 of the wine is
exported; the rest are drunk mainly by tourists.
Tunisia - history
With the Phoenicians' colonization of the coastline in 1000 BC. the area,
originally inhabited by Berbers, was incorporated into Mediterranean
culture. Around 800 BC. Carthage, which dominated the area until the Roman
conquest in 146 BC, was built. Thereafter, Tunisia became part of the Roman
Empire and formed part of the province of Africa (see also Africa
(history)). In 429, under the leadership of King Geiserik, the Vandals settled
in the area where they established an independent kingdom. This was recaptured
533-534 by Emperor Justinian, and the area then became part of the Byzantine
Empire.
Tunisia became part of the caliphate in 670 when Uqba ibn Nafi conquered the
area and founded Kairouan; the city, which was the seat of the caliphate
administration in the area and the starting point for the conquest of the rest
of the Maghreb, became a significant center of learning and important for the
caravan trade with West Africa. Different dynasties, such as the Aghlabids in
the 800's. and the Fatimids from the 900's. to 1100-t., had at times the political
control over the area. From 1228 the sea sides held power in Tunisia, until in
1574 it came under Ottoman control, which, however, was often more formal than
real; Tunisian bey(i.e. ruler) had for much of the 1700's. and the early
1800's. full control of the area against payment of an annual tribute to the
Sultan of Istanbul.
With the French colonization of Algeria from 1830, Tunisia came under
increasing pressure, as both France and Italy sought to secure influence. As a
result of Beyen's modernization efforts, indebtedness increased, increasing
European influence, and in 1881 Tunisia became a French protectorate.
Protectorate and independence
The French settlement was never as extensive in Tunisia as in Algeria, but
the establishment of a French protectorate meant that agricultural production
and later also the beginning of industrialization were organized according to
the French market.
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