Uganda History

Uganda - national flag

Uganda - National Flag, The flag was officially launched for the first time in 1962. The black, yellow and red color originated from the Uganda People's Congress' flag. The crown crown in the middle is Uganda's national symbol and was already in the arms mark from the colonial era. The three colors are meant to symbolize the people of Africa, sunshine and fraternity.

• Countryaah: What does the flag of Uganda look like? Follow this link, then you will see the image in PNG format and flag meaning description about this country.

Uganda - history

Uganda - history, The extensive Bantu migration of the millennium until approximately 1000 AD populated the country south of the Nile, while especially Nilotic groups in the following period populated the area north of the river. This laid the foundation for the most important ethnic divisions in Uganda. The waves of immigration and the interaction between agriculturalists and pastoralists in the south were essential elements in the development of a series of kingdoms, four of which continue to exist. From approximately In 1600, Uganda's development was determined by the rivalry between the two greatest kingdoms, Buganda and Bunyoro. They both got approximately 1850 visits by European explorers searching for the source of the Nile. Contact with Europe and the Arab merchants from the East African coast helped to change the balance of power in Buganda's favor. Henry Stanley, after his visit to Buganda's Kabaka (King) in 1875, led Protestant and Catholic missionaries respectively. Britain and France came to the area while spreading Islam by Arab traders; this was instrumental in the formation of political groups and later parties on religious grounds. At the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Britain was allocated the area, and after a troubled period, in 1894, under the name Uganda, it became a British protectorate.

• AbbreviationFinder: Check three-letter abbreviation for each country in the world, such as UGA which represents the official name of Uganda.

Buganda's special position was maintained, unlike other parts of the protectorate, among other things. introduced a form of private land ownership. At the same time, the colonial power employed people from Buganda to administer other parts of the protectorate. The contradiction between the economically and educationally privileged Buganda and the rest of Uganda came to characterize the entire colonial period.

Before independence, the colonial power sought to reduce Buganda's special position, while the kingdom wanted its own independence. The independence negotiations resulted in a poorly balanced federal constitution that gave Buganda special status; the other three kingdoms were given semi-federal status, while the rest of the country had to be ruled directly by the central government.

The colonialist contradictions continued after independence in 1962, which was politically expressed in the Northern and Protestant-dominated Uganda People's Congress (UPC) and the predominantly Southern and Catholic Democratic Party (DP). In an attempt to bridge the contradictions, Buganda and Northern Uganda formed an alliance. Buganda's Kabaka, Mutesa 2, became president, while UPC leader Milton Obote took the prime minister's office. Still, tensions grew and when Buganda again declared itself independent, Obote, in 1966 with the army's help, led the Kabaka into exile and took over the presidential post. By a constitutional amendment, the kingdoms were abolished and Uganda became a centrally governed one-party state.

A new military coup drove Obote into exile in 1971, and Army Chief Idi Amin launched his infamous terrorist regime, during which more than 300,000 people disappeared or were brutally murdered. As part of Amin's "economic war", more than 50,000 Asians were expelled shortly after the takeover. The Muslim minority was favored at the expense of Christians, and in the general violence of society, ethnic cleansing occurred even within the army.

In 1979, Amin was overthrown with the help of Tanzania's army. After the election the following year, which UPC won through the use of scams, Obote became president again. Based on his home ground in SV-Uganda, opposition politician Yoweri Museveni and his National Resistance Army (NRA) now launched armed combat against Obote, which was defeated after five years of bloody civil war and in 1986 Museveni became president.

The economic rebuilding under Museveni's leadership is considered a success story. Through a firmly implemented structural adjustment program based on World Bank and IMF recommendations, Uganda achieved annual growth rates in the 1990's that exceeded that of the rest of Africa. The assessment of the political reform process has been more mixed. The former constitutional imbalance was overcome with the new constitution in 1995, corruption has been reduced and the democratic process has been strengthened, but political parties are not allowed to run for candidates and hold electoral meetings.

The development in Uganda has also been characterized by the turbulent relationship with the neighbors. Guerrilla activity in the border areas of Sudan has led to a large number of refugees in the north; to the west, in 1994, Uganda supported the Tutsid-dominated FPR takeover of power in Rwanda, and the two states have since been very active in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The government sent troops in support of Tutsi-dominated rebel movements. The troops also fought with regular forces from Rwanda, which supported another movement in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2001, President Museveni was re-elected with 69% of the vote. However, his government is facing increasing internal criticism due to corruption. In 2002, the army tried to fight the Lord's resistance army(LRA), which for several years had attacked northern Uganda from Sudan. It managed to reduce the LRA to a few hundred soldiers. In 2006, peace talks between the LRA and the government began, and the parties entered into a truce At the 2006 presidential election, Museveni received 59% of the vote, while opposition leader Kizza Besigye (b. 1956) of the Forum for Democratic Change, FDC got 37%. At the simultaneous parliamentary elections, the NRA won 205 of the parliament's 319 seats. However, the opposition criticized the election and complained about election fraud and the fact that several opposition politicians were imprisoned during the election campaign. At the 2011 election, Museveni regained the presidential post, gaining 68% of the vote; this time too, the opposition complained of electoral fraud.