 Yemen - national flag
Yemen - national flag, The flag, which was officially adopted in 1990 when
North Yemen and South Yemen were united into one state, had originally been
proposed in 1971. It is based on the Egyptian and the colors are the
Pan-Arabic. The overall Yemeni flag is a compromise between the flags of North
and South Yemen.
- Countryaah:
What does the flag of Yemen look like? Follow this link, then you will see
the image in PNG format and flag meaning description about this country.
Yemen - history
Yemen - history, In the Yemeni area, several ancient kingdoms arose, which
known for trade in incense. This includes Saba, whose heyday began in 600
BC. Saba rivaled with Hadramawt and Qataban. approximately 270 AD the himyars
united the whole area into one empire, which in the following centuries had a
great influence on the arabic peninsula. Both Judaism and Christianity emerged
during that period. The Christian Ethiopian Aksum kingdom had in the
500-t. control before southern Arabia approximately 575 became a province of the
Persian Sasanian empire.
Even before Muhammad's death in 632, Yemen had become part of the new,
Islamic-based political system on the Arabian Peninsula. During the Umayyads and
the early Abbasids, Yemen was administered by a governor appointed by the
caliph. From the middle of the 800-t. however, the Yemeni rulers were truly
independent. Internal Shia Muslim strife led to a smaller group in 713/714
choosing Zaid (d. 740) as imam and thus breaking with the other Shia
Muslims. The Zaidites founded in the 800-t. the first of a series of dynasties
that, with its center in Sada, came to exist until 1962. In 900-t. also
succeeded followers of another Shia Muslim branch, the Ismailis, to establish
themselves in the country. In the following centuries, a number of local and
regional dynasties fought for power in Yemen, including the ayyubids and
rasulids.
Yemen's valuable coffee production made the country a target for Ottoman
expansion. In the early 1500-t. the Ottoman Empire secured control of part of
Yemen. This led the tribes in the northern part of the country to support the
Zaidi imams, and in 1635 the Ottomans were completely driven out. Now began
during the Zaidites a heyday based on coffee exports, which lasted until
competition from the European colonies set in in the 1700's.
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In 1839, Britain captured the port city of Aden and from there expanded its
influence in southern Yemen. To prevent further British expansion, the Ottomans
re-established themselves in North Yemen from 1849. They never gained full
control, but the division of the country was cemented when the British and
Ottomans in 1904 entered into an agreement which set the boundary. After the end
of World War I, it became the basis for a division of territory in northern
Yemen under the leadership of Imam Yahya and a British-controlled southern
territory.
Yahya, who followed a strong isolationist and traditionalist course, was
assassinated in 1948. He was succeeded by his son Ahmad, who largely continued
his father's political line. Immediately after his death in 1962, his
son Muhammad al-Badr was overthrown in a coup; the imam regime was abolished and
instead the Yemeni Arab Republic was established with Abd-Allah al-Sallal at the
helm. A civil war between imamtro groups supported by Saudi Arabia on the one
hand and Republicans supported by Egypt on the other long ravaged the republic
and was only finally ended in 1970. Dominated by the army and tribal leaders,
North Yemen became part of the capitalist world with close relations to The
West.
Britain's interests in the area remained concentrated on Aden, and the
British - controlled areas in the south were never integrated into an economic
entity. After World War II, a nationalist movement emerged. A bloody power
struggle between the various nationalist groups was won by the National
Liberation Front, which in November 1967 was able to proclaim the Democratic
People's Republic of Yemen. It received financial support from the Soviet Union
and became part of the Eastern Bloc.
From the early 1970's, several unsuccessful attempts were made to unite North
and South Yemen. However, a recognition that a collection would bring benefits
to all parties emerged in the 1980's. It was strengthened when the Soviet Union
cut off its support for southern Yemen in 1989, and in April 1990 the two
countries were formally united under the name of the Republic of Yemen. The
leader of the North Yemen since 1978, Ali Abd-Allah Salih, became president, and
the leader of the South Yemen Socialist Party (YSP), Ali Salim al-Bayd, became
vice president. A transitional phase was agreed upon, during which the two
vastly different economic and political systems were to be integrated. In the
1993 parliamentary elections, Salih's party won, and Salih formed a coalition
government with election numbers two and three, an Islamist party and the
YSP. Internal power struggles, however, soon revealed deep antagonisms between
North and South, and in 1994, there was a real civil war. North Yemen won
completely, and in the fall, Salih was re-elected president. In the first years
after the 1994 civil war, old South Yemen was politically and economically
marginalized, but the continuing opposition forced the government to change
policy and to also provide the southern part of the country with investment. In
2000, a local branch resignedal-Qaeda is behind a terrorist attack on the USS
Cole, which killed 17 US soldiers. Following the terrorist attacks on New
York and Washington on 11 SeptemberIn 2001, the Yemeni government realized the
benefit of working more closely with the United States to combat international
terrorism. The co-operation has given rise to considerable popular opposition,
large demonstrations throughout Yemen when the United States in November
2002 with an unmanned aircraft killed a suspected local al-Qaeda leader. The
Yemeni government, along with the rest of the Arab world, tried to thwart US
plans for a military offensive against Iraq in March 2003, but without
success. Yemen has concluded negotiations with both Oman and Saudi Arabia, thus
finally establishing the borders with the two neighboring countries. The border
agreement with Saudi Arabia in 2000 paved the way for Yemen to intensify oil and
gas exploration in the region for production and exports.
Despite efforts against local al-Qaeda groups, the movement has been
strengthened, not least after many of its Saudi supporters took refuge in
Yemen. An attempt to blow up a US passenger plane of a terrorist who had been
trained in Yemen put international focus on the situation in the country. In
2010, a terrorist attack emanating from Yemen against US cargo planes was
averted.
In early 2011, Ali Abd-Allah Salih announced that he did not want to run
again in the upcoming 2013 elections. The decision came in the wake of a series
of popular protests against the regime, inspired by similar events in Tunisia
and Egypt. However, this did not stop the protests, and through February and
March the situation intensified. In March, the unrest led to several casualties,
after which several senior officers began expressing support for the
opposition. The uneasy situation escalated and there were open battles between
government forces and opposition. In early June, Salih was wounded in an attack
on the palace, after which he traveled to Saudi Arabia for medical
attention. Salih returned to Yemen in September, but as early as November he
agreed to step down in favor of the vice presidentAbd Rabbuh Mansur al-Hadi. In
a February 2012 presidential election in which al-Hadi was the sole candidate,
he was confirmed in the post.
Since 2004, there have been clashes between government forces and
Zaidi-Shiite rebels, the so-called Houthis. The uprising began in the northern
parts of the country, and in 2009 there were very fierce fighting. In September
2014, the Houthis managed to gain control of Sana; in January 2015, fighting
broke out between the president's bodyguards and the Houthis, and the following
month, President al-Hadi and the government resigned. Al-Hadi fled to Aden,
which declared a temporary capital and where he reunited his government. The
fighting led to extensive Saudi intervention in support of al-Hadi's government,
while the Houthis reportedly received support from Iran. In March 2015, the
Sunni fundamentalist group ISIS carried out terrorist attacks on Shiite mosques
in Sana. There are concerns about whether Yemen will become another failed state
in the Middle East.
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