Southern African state , washed west by the Atlantic Ocean. It borders to the North and NE with the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the East with Zambia, to the South with Namibia. It includes a coastal strip to the North of the mouth of the Congo River, the so-called Cabinda exclave, separated from the rest of the state by the interposition of a stretch of Congolese territory. Physical characteristics…
Read MoreAngola Geopolitics
According to PROZIPCODES, Angola’s internal political life as well as international relations are strongly linked to oil revenues. While internally the proceeds of extraction have favored the development of an economic nationalism and of a bourgeois class linked to political power, in the international context the oil wealth has served to strengthen the image of Angola, favoring – after a first phase revolutionary – good international relations with all the…
Read MoreAngola Human and Economic Geography
HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY South-western African state, washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The population, which has grown at a rapid pace (2.8 % per year in the period 2000-2005), in 2005 amounts, according to an estimate, to 15,941,000 residents, Of which just over 30 % live in urban areas. The only real city is the capital Luanda (2.75 million residents, according to 2005 estimates); notable was the modernization process that…
Read MoreAngola Human and Economic Geography 1998
Population In 1998, according to one estimate, the population of the Angolan republic amounted to 12,092. 000 residents and it tended to grow at a very fast pace. The pressure on resources is very strong and the level of economic and social development is particularly low: it is estimated that more than 60 % of the population lives below the poverty line. The worsening of the social and economic crisis…
Read MoreAngola in the 1990’s
The changed international order that occurred with the end of the United States-Soviet Union bipolarity laid in Angola, as in many African countries governed by one-party regimes, the basis for a possible evolution in a democratic sense. The final outcome of this process depended on long-term factors linked to the legacy of colonial domination, the strategic role of the state within its regional context, the complex interaction between nationalistic movements,…
Read MoreAngola Modern History
According to LOVERISTS, the coastal part of the indigenous state of Angola was occupied in 1574 by Paolo Diaz de Novaes, grandson of the famous Bartholomew, in the name of the king of Portugal. This occupation was a consequence of the ancient relations existing between the neighboring kingdom of Congo and the Portuguese: since Diaz, sent to settle, in 1558, a dispute that arose between the sovereign of Congo and…
Read MoreAngola Population and Economy 1970
According to LOCALBUSINESSEXPLORER, the Angolan population at the 1970 census was made up of 5,673,046 residents, Of which about 5.2% of European origin, with an annual increase rate that on average is 1.5% and therefore relatively low compared to neighboring countries. The average density is 4.6 residents per km 2 and reaches its maximum values especially on the coast and inland exclusively along the Benguela railway line, in correspondence with…
Read MoreAngola Population and Economy 1988
The Angolan population is 9,385,725 residents (1988 estimate), of which about 30% live in urban areas (14% in 1970). The most important ethnic group is the Ovimbundu (38%), followed by the Kimbundu (19%), the Kongo (11%) and the Lunda (7%); the Portuguese presence has weakened considerably after independence, while the Cubans are more than 30,000. In Angola also live 100,000 refugees, mostly from Namibia. According to INTERSHIPPINGRATES, the capital Luanda…
Read MoreAngola Recent History
Ancient Kingdom subject, with the name of Ngola, to Mwani Congo, to. it was discovered in its coastal part and together with the Congo river between 1482 and 1486 by Diogo Cão, squire of King John II of Portugal. He was followed by Gonçalo de Sousa, with an official mission and, therefore, the first missionaries. The baptism of the sovereign and the relative official conversion of the people, the erection…
Read MoreAngola Relief, Climate, and Continental Waters
According to GETZIPCODES, Angola includes a part of the great South African plateau and a part of the Longo basin. The plateau, consisting mainly of schists and granites, largely covered by a blanket of red laterite and, in eastern Angola, by arenaceous sedimentations, probably Triassic, and by Pleistocene and recent alluvial and eluvial deposits, lowers slowly towards the east, rising instead in the center up to 2620 m. (M. Moco).…
Read MoreAngola Transport and Communications
Communications are still scarce and difficult. At the end of 1927, 1,852 km were in operation. of railways, divided between the following sections: a) of Loanda, or Trans-African Railway, of the Companhia do Caminho de Ferro: from Malange to Xissa, length 445 km., gauge 1 m. It was decided to extend it up to Cassange; b) from Loanda to Calumbo, 30 km., gauge i m.; c) Golungo Alto line, km.…
Read MoreBetween Past and Future: the Chinese Dream
The second decade of the 21st century. it began in China on the traces of historical memory: centenary of the 1911 Revolution which put an end to the millennial imperial system; centenary of the birth of China republican (1912); 90th anniversary of the founding of the CCP (1921); 110th anniversary of the Protocol which put an end to the Boxer insurrection and inflicted one of the greatest humiliations in modern…
Read MoreChina Openings to the Market Economy and Political Repression
In 1980, China joined the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Now firmly in power, the new Chinese leadership, moderate, technocratic and efficient, accentuated the policy of modernization and promotion of the country’s economic growth and extended the measures of liberalization and opening up the economy to foreign countries. In the international field, the aspiration to the complete reunification of the Chinese territory by the end of the century…
Read MoreChina – The New Constitution
The new constitution of the Chinese republic was approved by the national assembly (Kuo Min Ta Hui) on December 25, 1946 and promulgated by the national government of Nanjing on January 1, 1947, becoming effective on December 25, 1947, pending its real existence as soon as the China’s political conditions will allow it. According to CANCERMATTERS, the precedents of the constitution must be traced back to the period of political…
Read MoreChina After 1989 Part VI
Not wanting to jeopardize relations with his main contact in matters of foreign investment and exports with a scandal, on October 28, 1997 Jiang Zemin, the first Chinese leader since 1985to go to Washington, he made a long trip to the United States, to reaffirm the existence of more than positive relations between the two countries. On his return home, armed with Clinton’s commitment to improve Sino-American relations and to…
Read MoreChina After 1989 Part V
A first point was identified in the need to conduct political action within the framework of the certainty of the law; also on the basis of this assumption, the Assembly discussed a new text of the law on State security, a text which essentially proposed to cancel the term from the penal code A first point was identified in the need to conduct political action within the framework of the…
Read MoreChina After 1989 Part IV
According to ANIMALERTS, the situation in Hong Kong also appeared delicate. In February 1994 the new governor Ch. Patten (who took over from D. Wilson in July 1992) had succeeded in passing an electoral law which effectively introduced universal suffrage in the colony; this law posed a very real threat to Chinese interests. On September 17, 1995, elections were held for the renewal of the Legislative Council, and the Democrats…
Read MoreChina After 1989 Part III
However, the US-China opposition was unable to fully break free. When, on December 15, the new GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs) was stipulated, China was excluded from it precisely by American will, with the reason for the inadequacy of the Chinese economic system with respect to the parameters required by the international organization. This negative situation, together with runaway inflation, due to excess growth, which in some provinces…
Read MoreChina After 1989 Part II
The so-called ‘double track’ policy (initially promoting the enrichment of the coastal provinces and thinking of those in the interior only after the economic strengthening of the former), which prevailed throughout the 1980s, began to show all its defects.: unemployment grew in the countryside, arable areas were visibly decreasing due to increasing urbanization, a widespread phenomenon of corruption among party cadres made life difficult and precarious for many rural businesses.…
Read MoreChina After 1989 Part I
After the events of 1989, the political history of the People’s Republic of China developed around three fundamental themes: economic development, international relations and the political role of the Communist Party in a constantly evolving internal context. In the aftermath of the Tien An Men square massacre, and even more so during the autumn-winter of 1989with the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe, much of the international public…
Read MoreAustria Finance
Very critical immediately after the end of the war the economic and financial situation of Austria was outlined, restricted in its new borders and upset by the social crisis and the progressive devaluation of the currency, so that numerous relief credits had to be granted to the new republic over the years which immediately followed the peace treaties (France, England, Italy for 48 million dollars, United States for 24 million…
Read MorePeru – The Theocratic Empire of the Incas
The theocratic empire of the Inca. – When the Spaniards conquered the region, they found a great political unity established there, the so-called empire of the Inca, referred to in the language of the country with the official name of Tahuantinsuyu, or “The four cantons”, or provinces. These were: the Western, or Cuntisuyu; the northern one, or Chinchaysuyu; the southern, or Collasuyu and the eastern or Antisuyu. The pivot of…
Read MoreEgypt Population and Language
Population Among the Neolithic and Aeneolithic residents of the Nile Valley (pre-dynastic tombs) the anthropologist GE Smith described as prevalent a type he called proto-Egyptian, small in stature (163 cm on average), with an elongated, narrow and rather high skull. ; the hair was straight or wavy, dark brown in color like the irises, the skin was brownish, the face was oval, with large eyes and a raised nose and…
Read MoreBrazil Politics and Administration
The new constitution promulgated on September 18, 1946 replaces that of 1937, dictated by President Vargas. Brazil constitutes a federal republic of 20 states, the federal district, as well as the federal territories; the federative imprint is alive in the constitution of 1946 in contrast to the stronger unitary tendency of the constitution of 1937, although with regard to both the constitution and the situation – legal and factual –…
Read MoreArgentina Painting
In painting it is necessary to reach Pietro Prilidiano Pueyrredón (1823-1871) to witness the advent of a national artist of some interest. What preceded his work was imported or produced in the country by foreign artists. In fact, more or less good paintings had not been long in arriving at the nascent colony. The travelers who visited it tell us, such as Azcárate du Biscay, who observes that the most…
Read MoreSpain History – The Return to Democracy
Franco died on November 20, 1975 and two days later Juan Carlos became king of Spain. The transition to democracy was mainly the work of the government headed by A. Suárez González (1976-1981); in 1981, the king’s refusal to collaborate with the rebels caused a failed coup attempt carried out by soldiers of the civil guard with the support of sectors of the armed forces. With the return to democracy…
Read MorePoland Modern History
With Casimir IV Iagellone (1447-92), successor of Ladislao, the Poland reached the maximum territorial expansion and the highest political influence for the ties with Bohemia and Hungary, ruled by King Ladislao Iagellone, and with the vassal states of Moldavia and the Teutonic Order. From the second half of the 15th century. the aristocratic monarchy was transformed into a monarchical regime based on the ordines, nobility and clergy. Further developments from the 16th century. onwards…
Read MoreMexico Human and Economic Geography 1998
Mexico presents a rather complex and contradictory situation: according to some economic and social indicators the country is close to the most developed states, the literacy rate has reached 90% and the average life expectancy is around 72 years; however, it continues to present serious imbalances in the distribution of income and social conditions, with inequalities evident above all in the context of immigration conditions of the suburban masses in…
Read MoreSweden Flora
As a consequence of its great extension in the meridian sense, Sweden belongs to different vegetation zones. The southernmost region belongs to the Middle-European zone of broad-leaved trees, most of the region north of Dal belongs to the conifer zone of the northern hemisphere, while the higher and northernmost regions are distinguished by vegetation whose characters resemble those of the arctic tundra. As a result of the differences in climate,…
Read MoreHungary History – The Era of the Árpád
Hungary was, as evidenced by the relics unearthed by the excavations, an ancient land of colonization and traffic. The first residents, with certainty identified, were the Illyria or Thracians. New elements of culture were added by the Celts who chose their locations first of all to the west of the Danube and who had to defend their territory at the cost of bloody battles against the attacks of the Dacians…
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